Étude 1 sur 7 · La fête des Tabernacles

  1. Study 1: The Feast of Tabernacles
  2. Étude 2 : Annonce de la destruction de Jérusalem
  3. Étude 3 : La fin tragique de Judas l'Iscariot
  4. Étude 4 : Le titulus de Pilate
  5. Étude 5 : Marie de Magdala reste au tombeau
  6. Étude 6 : Le discours d’Etienne devant le Sanhédrin
  7. Étude 7 : Résurrection du Messie Jésus

From the 3rd Passover to the start of the final week

  • PER206 The Feast of Tabernacles

    Pericope 206 deals with the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot), reported only by John (7.2-10). Jesus decides to go up secretly to Jerusalem in October AD 32, six months before his arrest. John reveals the tension with the religious authorities and the unbelief of Jesus’ brothers, elements absent from the Synoptic Gospels.

    John 7.1 (King James Version) :
    After these things Jesus walked in Galilee: for he would not walk in Jewry, because the Jews sought to kill him.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The last week before the arrest

  • PER283 Announcement of the Destruction of Jerusalem

    In Luke 19.41-44, Jesus approaches Jerusalem, weeps over the city and foretells with precision its future destruction by the Romans in AD 70. Only Luke reports this episode in this form. Jesus laments that Jerusalem did not recognize its divine visitation. This passage reveals both the compassion of the Messiah and the gravity of rejecting divine revelation, and it belongs to the last week before his arrest.

    Mark 10.32-34 (King James Version) :
    And they were in the way going up to Jerusalem; and Jesus went before them: and they were amazed; and as they followed, they were afraid. And he took again the twelve, and began to tell them what things should happen unto him,Saying, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be delivered unto the chief priests, and unto the scribes; and they shall condemn him to death, and shall deliver him to the Gentiles:And they shall mock him, and shall scourge him, and shall spit upon him, and shall kill him: and the third day he shall rise again.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The last day up to the crucifixion

  • PER342 The tragic end of Judas Iscariot

    Only Matthew reports the tragic end of Judas Iscariot. After Jesus is condemned, overwhelmed with remorse, Judas throws the thirty pieces of silver into the sanctuary of the Temple and takes his own life. The priests use this money to buy the potter’s field, called Hakeldama. This episode illustrates the irreversibility of betrayal and the despair of a man unable to accept forgiveness.

    Matthew 26.59-68 (King James Version) :
    Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witness against Jesus, to put him to death;But found none: yea, though many false witnesses came, yet found they none. At the last came two false witnesses,And said, This fellow said, I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days.And the high priest arose, and said unto him, Answerest thou nothing? what is it which these witness against thee?But Jesus held his peace. And the high priest answered and said unto him, I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ, the Son of God.Jesus saith unto him, Thou hast said: nevertheless I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven.Then the high priest rent his clothes, saying, He hath spoken blasphemy; what further need have we of witnesses? behold, now ye have heard his blasphemy.What think ye? They answered and said, He is guilty of death.Then did they spit in his face, and buffeted him; and others smote him with the palms of their hands,Saying, Prophesy unto us, thou Christ, Who is he that smote thee?
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

  • PER349 The Titulus of Pilate

    Pilate's titulus is the notice placed on Jesus' cross bearing the words 'Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews', written in Hebrew, Latin and Greek. Pilate insists on this wording despite the protest of the chief priests, thus asserting a symbolic authority after having yielded on the condemnation. This act reveals a tragic irony: the inscription publicly proclaims Jesus' kingship at the very moment of his death.

    Mark 15.20-41 (King James Version) :
    And when they had mocked him, they took off the purple from him, and put his own clothes on him, and led him out to crucify him.And they compel one Simon a Cyrenian, who passed by, coming out of the country, the father of Alexander and Rufus, to bear his cross.And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull.And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh: but he received it not.And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take.And it was the third hour, and they crucified him.And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS.And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left.And the scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors.And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah, thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days,Save thyself, and come down from the cross.Likewise also the chief priests mocking said among themselves with the scribes, He saved others; himself he cannot save.Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe. And they that were crucified with him reviled him.And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour.And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold, he calleth Elias.And one ran and filled a spunge full of vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let alone; let us see whether Elias will come to take him down.And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.And the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom.And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God.There were also women looking on afar off: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome;(Who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered unto him;) and many other women which came up with him unto Jerusalem.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

The resurrection and the various appearances

  • PER369 Mary Magdalene Remains at the Tomb

    An episode unique to John (John 20.11), this passage describes Mary Magdalene remaining alone at the tomb after Peter and John have left. A faithful witness since the ministry of Jesus, she first interprets the disappearance of the body as a removal, before becoming the first person to whom the Risen One appears personally. The article offers a chronological analysis and a harmonization of the Gospel accounts of the resurrection.

    John 20.1 (King James Version) :
    The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark, unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone taken away from the sepulchre.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Peter's ministry

  • ADA028 Stephen's speech before the Sanhedrin

    Before the Sanhedrin in Jerusalem around AD 34-35, Stephen delivers the longest speech in Acts. Retracing the history of Israel from Abraham, he shows that God's messengers have always been rejected, culminating in the rejection of the Messiah. Far from defending himself, Stephen becomes the accuser of his judges, taking his place in the line of the prophets and of Christ.

    Acts 7.1-53 (King James Version) :
    Then said the high priest, Are these things so?And he said, Men, brethren, and fathers, hearken; The God of glory appeared unto our father Abraham, when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Charran,And said unto him, Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and come into the land which I shall shew thee.Then came he out of the land of the Chaldæans, and dwelt in Charran: and from thence, when his father was dead, he removed him into this land, wherein ye now dwell.And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years.And the nation to whom they shall be in bondage will I judge, said God: and after that shall they come forth, and serve me in this place.And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs.And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt: but God was with him,And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.Now there came a dearth over all the land of Egypt and Chanaan, and great affliction: and our fathers found no sustenance.But when Jacob heard that there was corn in Egypt, he sent out our fathers first.And at the second time Joseph was made known to his brethren; and Joseph’s kindred was made known unto Pharaoh.Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls.So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers,And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of Sychem.But when the time of the promise drew nigh, which God had sworn to Abraham, the people grew and multiplied in Egypt,Till another king arose, which knew not Joseph.The same dealt subtilly with our kindred, and evil entreated our fathers, so that they cast out their young children, to the end they might not live.In which time Moses was born, and was exceeding fair, and nourished up in his father’s house three months:And when he was cast out, Pharaoh’s daughter took him up, and nourished him for her own son.And Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds.And when he was full forty years old, it came into his heart to visit his brethren the children of Israel.And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he defended him, and avenged him that was oppressed, and smote the Egyptian:For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not.And the next day he shewed himself unto them as they strove, and would have set them at one again, saying, Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?But he that did his neighbour wrong thrust him away, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge over us?Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?Then fled Moses at this saying, and was a stranger in the land of Madian, where he begat two sons.And when forty years were expired, there appeared to him in the wilderness of mount Sina an angel of the Lord in a flame of fire in a bush.When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight: and as he drew near to behold it, the voice of the Lord came unto him,Saying, I am the God of thy fathers, the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. Then Moses trembled, and durst not behold.Then said the Lord to him, Put off thy shoes from thy feet: for the place where thou standest is holy ground.I have seen, I have seen the affliction of my people which is in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and am come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send thee into Egypt.This Moses whom they refused, saying, Who made thee a ruler and a judge? the same did God send to be a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel which appeared to him in the bush.He brought them out, after that he had shewed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, and in the Red sea, and in the wilderness forty years.This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear.This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness with the angel which spake to him in the mount Sina, and with our fathers: who received the lively oracles to give unto us:To whom our fathers would not obey, but thrust him from them, and in their hearts turned back again into Egypt,Saying unto Aaron, Make us gods to go before us: for as for this Moses, which brought us out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.And they made a calf in those days, and offered sacrifice unto the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their own hands.Then God turned, and gave them up to worship the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, O ye house of Israel, have ye offered to me slain beasts and sacrifices by the space of forty years in the wilderness?Yea, ye took up the tabernacle of Moloch, and the star of your god Remphan, figures which ye made to worship them: and I will carry you away beyond Babylon.Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drave out before the face of our fathers, unto the days of David;Who found favour before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob.But Solomon built him an house.Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me? saith the Lord: or what is the place of my rest?Hath not my hand made all these things?Ye stiffnecked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, ye do always resist the Holy Ghost: as your fathers did, so do ye.Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers:Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept it.
    King James Version (1769), domaine public — texte : eBible.org
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate

Miracles

  • MIR041 Resurrection of the Messiah Jesus

    A comparative analysis of the four Gospel accounts of Jesus' resurrection (Mt 28.1-10; Mk 16.1-8; Lk 24.1-12; Jn 20.1-18). The article identifies shared features — the empty tomb, the presence of women, the angelic announcement — and divergences — the number of women and angels, reactions and chronology. The differences are explained through each evangelist's distinct theological perspectives, literary styles and audiences, highlighting the centrality of the resurrection to Christian faith.

    Luke 24.1-12 (King James Version) :
    Now upon the first day of the week, very early in the morning, they came unto the sepulchre, bringing the spices which they had prepared, and certain others with them.And they found the stone rolled away from the sepulchre.And they entered in, and found not the body of the Lord Jesus.And it came to pass, as they were much perplexed thereabout, behold, two men stood by them in shining garments:And as they were afraid, and bowed down their faces to the earth, they said unto them, Why seek ye the living among the dead?He is not here, but is risen: remember how he spake unto you when he was yet in Galilee,Saying, The Son of man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again.And they remembered his words,And returned from the sepulchre, and told all these things unto the eleven, and to all the rest.It was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of James, and other women that were with them, which told these things unto the apostles.And their words seemed to them as idle tales, and they believed them not.Then arose Peter, and ran unto the sepulchre; and stooping down, he beheld the linen clothes laid by themselves, and departed, wondering in himself at that which was come to pass.
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    Level: Intermediate Level: Intermediate